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Relationships
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| Instances | Autonomous agent | Something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world. |
| | abstract | Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment. |
| | attribute | Qualities which we cannot or choose not to reify into subclasses of. |
| | business | An instance of Business is an Organization that is a CommercialAgent. |
| | collection | Collections have members like Classes, but, unlike Classes, they have a position in space-time and members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some examples are toolkits, repeated actions, football teams, and flocks of sheep. |
| | commercial agent | An AutonomousAgent that provides products and/or services for a fee with the aim of making a profit. |
| | corporation | An Organization that has a special legal status that allows a group of persons to act as a CommercialAgent and that insulates the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the corporation's operation. |
| | entity | The universal class of individuals. This is the root node of the ontology. |
| | group | A Collection of Agents, e.g. a flock of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop. |
| | legal agent | A LegalAgent is an Attribute of an AutonomousAgent that is allowed by law to to act and be treated as a legal person for certain purposes, such as being a party to a lawsuit, owning property, and entering into a contract. Typically, a LegalAgent is either an adult Human or some type of Organization. Depending on the prevailing legal system in a given time and location, Humans in general, as well as other CognitiveAgents, typically will have additional legal rights and obligations beyond those accorded to LegalAgents. See the Wikipedia description of Juristic person. |
| | object | Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, and locations of Processes, the complement of Objects in the Physical class. In a 4D ontology, an Object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis. |
| | organization | An Organization is a corporate or similar institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Oil Corporation and the accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection). Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member should be assumed. |
| | physical | An entity that has a location in space-time. Note that locations are themselves understood to have a location in space-time. |
| | relational attribute | Any Attribute that an Entity has by virtue of a relationship that it bears to another Entity or set of Entities, e.g. SocialRoles and PositionalAttributes. |
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