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Relationships
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ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease that is preventable and treatable. COPD is characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The main symptoms include shortness of breath and a cough which may or may not produce mucus. COPD progressively worsens with everyday activities such as walking or dressing becoming difficult. The two most common conditions of COPD are Emphysema and ChronicBronchitis, and they have been the two classic COPD phenotypes. Emphysema is just one of the structural abnormalities that can limit airflow and can exist without airflow limitation in a significant number of people. Chronic bronchitis does not always result in airflow limitation but in young adults who smoke the risk of developing COPD is high. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis remain the predominant phenotypes of COPD but there is often overlap between them, and a number of other phenotypes have also been described. The most common cause of COPD is tobacco smoking. Other risk factors include indoor and outdoor pollution, exposure to occupational irritant substances such as dust from grains, and cadmium dust or fumes, and genetics. In developing countries, common sources of indoor air pollution are the use of coal, and biomass such as wood and dry dung as fuel for cooking and heating. Most people living in European cities are exposed to damaging levels of air pollution. The diagnosis is based on poor airflow as measured by spirometry. [from Wikipedia
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| Instances | 抽象的な | 物理的媒体における任意の特性/資質の特定の実施形態と 区別されるプロパティまたは品質。 抽象のインスタンスは、セットや関係など、数学的なオブジェクトと同じ意味で存在すると言える。 しかし、 それらは、いくつかの物理的なエンコーディングや実施形態なしで特定の場所と時間に存在することはでき ない。 |
| | 属性 | サブクラスに再び取り入れることができないか、または 選択できない品質。 |
| | 生物学的属性 | Attributes that apply specifically to instances of OrganicObject (Organism or AnatomicalStructure). |
| | 病気または症候群 | A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity of an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the host's systems, parts, or Organs. |
| | エンティティー | 個々の普遍集合。 これがオントロジーのノードのルートで ある。 |
| | 内部属性 | Entity の内部プロパティである Entity の任意の Attribute 。 例：その形状、その色、その脆弱性など。 |
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Belongs to Class
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エンティティー |
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