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Substance |
An Object in which every part is similar to every other in every relevant respect. More precisely, something is a Substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts - any parts have properties which are similar to those of the whole. Note that a Substance may nonetheless have physical properties that vary. For example, the temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part to another. An example would be a body of water.
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CompoundSubstance | The Class of Substances that contain two or more elements (ElementalSubstances) in definite proportion by weight. The composition of a pure compound will be invariant, regardless of the method of preparation. Compounds are composed of more than one kind of atom (element). The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still retains all of the properties of the compound. Examples: Table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), and water (H_2O). |
| Defoliant | Defoliant is the class of substances that are used to make plants lose their leaves, typically used in agriculture or warfare. Defoliants may have detrimental environmental side effects. |
| ElementalSubstance | The Class of PureSubstances that cannot be separated into two or more Substances by ordinary chemical (or physical) means. This excludes nuclear reactions. ElementalSubstances are composed of only one kind of atom. Examples: Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O_2). ElementalSubstances are the simplest PureSubstances. |
| GreenhouseGas | GreenhouseGas is the subclass of substances that, when present in the atmosphere, trap infrared radiation and cause global warming. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor. |
| HydrophilicLipidHead | The class of heads of molecules that have hydrophilic heads. |
| HydrophobicLipidTail | The class of tails of molecules that have hydrophobic tails. |
| Ion | An electronically charged Atom or Molecule. In other words, a PureSubstance that has lost one of its Electrons. |