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Sigma KEE - BodySubstance
KB Term: 
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substance corporel
Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, hormones, and gastric acid.
Relationships      
Parents substance An Object in which every part is similar to every other in every relevant respect. More precisely, something is a Substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts - any parts have properties which are similar to those of the whole. Note that a Substance may nonetheless have physical properties that vary. For example, the temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part to another. An example would be a body of water.
Children AnimalSubstanceBodySubstances that are produced exclusively by Animals.
 BatrachotoxinA Toxin produced by some species of Frogs.
 BileBile, or gall, is a dark-green-to-yellowish-brown fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In Humans, bile is produced continuously by the Liver (liver bile) and stored and concentrated in the Gallbladder. After Eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum. The composition of hepatic bile is (97–98)% water, 0.7% bile salts, 0.2% bilirubin, 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids, and lecithin), and 200 meq/l inorganic salts. The two main pigments of bile are bilirubin, which is yellow, and its oxidised form biliverdin, which is green. When mixed, they are responsible for the brown color of Feces. About 400 to 800 millilitres of bile is produced per day in adult human beings.[from Wikipedia]
 sangA fluid present in Animals that transports Nutrients to and waste products away from various BodyParts.
 BloodPlasmaBlood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains important dissolved proteins (6–8%; e.g., serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, Cl−, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and oxygen. It plays a vital role in an intravascular osmotic effect that keeps electrolyte concentration balanced and protects the body from infection and other blood-related disorders.[from Wikipedia]
 BotulinumToxinA Toxin produced by the bacterium ClostridiumBotulinum. It paralyzes muscles if ingested, and one billionth of a pound is sufficient to cause death.
 ConotoxinA class of neurotoxins that are produced by the Pacific cone snails. The lethality of these toxins varies widely, and it would be impractical to manufacture them on a large scale.
 EpsilonToxinA Toxin produced by the bacterium ClostridiumPerfringens that causes a mild form of food poisoning that lasts one to two days.
 ExcrementExcrement refers to the waste matter that is discharged from the body
 hormoneIn Animals, a chemical secreted by an endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. Plant hormones or synthetic hormones which are used only to alter or control various physiologic processes, e.g., reproductive control agents, are assigned to the Class BiologicallyActiveSubstance. Hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad categories, viz. steroid hormones and peptide hormones.
 LiquidBodySubstanceAny BodySubstance which is Liquid under normal circumstances.
 MucusMucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes. It is typically produced from cells found in MucousGlands, although it may also originate from mixed glands, which contain both serous and mucous cells. It is a viscous colloid containing inorganic Salts, antimicrobial Enzymes (such as lysozymes), immunoglobulins (especially IgA), and glycoproteins such as lactoferrin and mucins, which are produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes and submucosal glands. Mucus serves to protect Epithelial cells in the linings of the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital systems, and structures in the visual and auditory systems from pathogenic fungi (Fungus), bacteria (Bacterium) and Viruses. Most of the mucus in the body is produced in the gastrointestinal tract.
 MycotoxinA Toxin that is produced by a FungalAgent.
 Neurotransmittereurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit a signal from a neuron (NerveCell) across the synapse to a target cell, which may be another neuron, a Muscle cell, or a Gland cell. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances made by the neuron specifically to transmit a message.[from Wikipedia]
 PlantSubstanceBodySubstances that are produced exclusively by Plants.
 RubberNatural rubber, as opposed to synthetic rubber which is a Plastic, is a product of the rubber tree, genus Hevea or Ficus. It is the coagulated form of the milky juice secreted by these trees. Rubber is essentially a polymer of isoprene.
 SalivaA Substance secreted by the SalivaryGland.
 SaxitoxinA class of chemically related neurotoxins that are produced by marine dinoflagellates and carried by Mollusks.
 TetrodotoxinA Toxin produced by the pufferfish and several other (widely varying) species. The initial symptoms include numbness in the lips and tongue, which spreads throughout the body. The next phase of the poisoning is paralysis, which again spreads throughout the body.
 tissuAn aggregation of similarly specialized Cells and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to BodyParts, Organs or Organ components. The main features of Tissues are self-connectivity (see SelfConnectedObject) and being a homogeneous mass (all parts in the same granularity are instances of Tissue as well).


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