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Relationships
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inheritable relation |
The class of Relations whose properties can be inherited downward in the class hierarchy via the subrelation Predicate.
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relation |
The Class of relations.There are two kinds of Relation: Predicate and Function. Predicates and Functions both denote sets of ordered n-tuples. The difference between these two Classes is that Predicates cover formula-forming operators, while Functions cover term-forming operators.
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region connection calculus 8 | The RCC8Relation is intended to serve for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning. RCC abstractly describes regions (in Euclidean space, or in a topological space) by their possible relations to each other. RCC8 consists of 8 basic relations that are possible between two regions: disconnected (DC), externally connected (EC), equal (EQ), partially overlapping (PO), tangential proper part (TPP), tangential proper part inverse (TPPi), non-tangential proper part (NTPP), non-tangential proper part inverse (NTPPi). From these basic relations, combinations can be built, for spatial reasoning,for example via a composition table.[Wikipedia] |
| Instances | absolute height | The height of an aircraft directly above the surface or terrain over which it is flying. |
| | back | A Function that maps an Object to the side that is opposite the FrontFn of the Object. Note that this is a partial function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases. |
| | before on path | (betweenOnPath ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3 ?PATH) means that ?OBJ2 is spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3 on the path ?PATH. Note that this is a more specialized relation of between since any object that is between others with respect to a particular path is also simply between them. |
| | before on path | (beforeOnPath ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?PATH ?PROC) means that ?OBJ1 is spatially before ?OBJ2 on the path ?PATH with respect to a particular Transfer Process. |
| | between | (between ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that ?OBJ2 is spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3. Note that this implies that ?OBJ2 is directly between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3, i.e. the projections of ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3 overlap with ?OBJ2. |
| | connected | (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 meetsSpatially ?OBJ2 or that ?OBJ1 overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2. |
| | connected regions | (connectedRegions ?R1 ?R2) means that ?R1 and ?R2 are connected. |
| | connects | The relationship between three things, when one of the three things connects the other two. More formally, (connects ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ3) and not (connected ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3). |
| | contains | The relation of spatial containment for two separable objects. When the two objects are not separable (e.g. an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used. (contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the SelfConnectedObject ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a HoleRegion) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2. |
| | covers | A relationship of partial or complete physical covering, which may be the result of a Covering. To cover an object, the first object must at least roughly conform to the surface of the second object. |
| | cylinder bore | The diameter of a cylindrical HoleRegion. |
| | distance | (distance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?QUANT) means that the shortest distance between the two objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 is ?QUANT. Note that the difference between the predicates length and distance is that the length is used to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of a single object, while distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that separates two distinct objects. |
| | distance of of parallel lines in space | (distanceOfParallelLinesInSpace ?LINE1 ?LINE2 ?DIST) means that the distance between ?LINE1 ?LINE2 that are parallel to one another. The distance between them is ?DIST. ?DIST is the shortest distance between the ?L1 and ?L2 and this minimum distance holds for any pair of points on ?LINE1 and ?LINE2. |
| | front | A Function that maps an Object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the Object moves. Note that this is a partial function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases. |
| | hole | (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) means that ?HOLE is a HoleRegion in ?OBJ. A HoleRegion is a fillable body located at the surface an Object. |
| | initial part | Every instance of the first argument is initially found as part of an instance of the second argument, even though it might lose that part later in its lifetime. While the part must initially exist as part of a whole, this does not say that each whole necessarily initially contains such a part. For example, a thumb must at some time have been part of a hand, but every hand need not have a thumb, even at birth. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. |
| | initially contains part | Every instance of the second argument initially contains an instance of the first argument, even though it might lose that part later in its lifetime. Every normal human starts life with an appendix for example. While the whole must initially contain such a part, this does not say that each part necessarily initially exists as part of such a whole. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. |
| | larger | (larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is larger, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2. |
| | level plane | CenterOfPlanetFn is a Function that takes a AstronomicalBody and and denotes a PointInSpace that is the centre of the planet. All PointInSpace that make up the surface of the AstronomicalBody are aproximately equidistant from its center. |
| | level plane | (endPointsOfLineInSpace ?POINT1 ?POINT2 ?LINE) means that ?POINT1 and ?POINT2 are the two end points of the FiniteLineInSpace of ?LINE. |
| | level plane | LevelPlaneFn is a Function that takes a PointInSpace of a Region and an AstronomicalBody and denotes the Plane that is perpendicular to the line formed by the PointInSpace and center of the AstronomicalBody. |
| | mereological difference | (MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to ?OBJ1 and not to ?OBJ2. |
| | mereological product | (MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to both ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2. |
| | mereological sum | (MereologicalSumFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to either ?OBJ1 or ?OBJ2. |
| | object ends | objectEnds specifies the two end points of an object. |
| | orientation | A general Predicate for indicating how two Objects are oriented with respect to one another. For example, (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 North) means that ?OBJ1 is north of ?OBJ2, and (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Vertical) means that ?OBJ1 is positioned vertically with respect to ?OBJ2. |
| | parallel lines in space | (parallelLinesInSpace ?LINE1 ?LINE2) means that the LineInSpace ?LINE1 and ?LINE2 are parallel to one another, i.e. they are equidistant from one another at every point. |
| | part | The basic mereological relation. All other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. (part ?PART ?WHOLE) simply means that the Object ?PART is part of the Object ?WHOLE. Note that, since part is a ReflexiveRelation, every Object is a part of itself. |
| | partially fills | (partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that ?OBJ completelyFills some part of ?HOLE. Note that if (partiallyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (partiallyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). Note too that a partial filler need not be wholly inside a hole (it may stick out), which means that every complete filler also qualifies as (is a limit case of) a partial one. |
| | partly located | (partlyLocated ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the instance of Physical ?OBJ1 is at least partially located at ?OBJ2. For example, Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe. Note that partlyLocated is the most basic localization relation: located is an immediate subrelation of partlyLocated and exactlyLocated is an immediate subrelation of located. |
| | physical amplitude | A relation between a periodic motion and the distance between the physical extremes of the period. |
| | smaller | (smaller ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is smaller, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2. |
| | traverses | (traverses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 crosses or extends across ?OBJ2. Note that crosses and penetrates are subrelations of traverses. |
| | typical part | An instance of the first argument is typically found as part of an instance of the second argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. Note that this does not imply that such wholes typically have such parts. |
| | typically contains part | An instance of the second argument typically contains an instance of the first argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. Note that this does not imply that such parts typically have such wholes. |
| | where | Maps an Object and a TimePoint at which the Object exists to the Region where the Object existed at that TimePoint. |