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| Instances | Abstract | Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment. |
| | ComputerProgram | A set of instructions in a computer programming language that can be executed by a computer. |
| | Entity | The universal class of individuals. This is the root node of the ontology. |
| | Procedure | A sequence-dependent specification. Some examples are ComputerPrograms, finite-state machines, cooking recipes, musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts of plays and movies. |
| | Proposition | Propositions are Abstract entities that express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an element of the Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual sentences of a Language. They may encompass the content expressed by theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, but a ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. A Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the Proposition that the cat is on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form. |
| | SearchEngine | A computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet). |
| | Software | A set of instructions in a computer programming language that can be executed by a computer, possibly after compilation into another programming language. The term Software includes ComputerPrograms (free-standing software), object methods, subroutines and software packages. |
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