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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z disease or syndrome A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity of an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the host's systems, parts, or Organs. Relationships       Parents biological attribute Attributes that apply specifically to instances of OrganicObject (Organism or AnatomicalStructure). Children acquired immuno deficiency syndrome A disease that attacks the immune system and that is caused by the HIVVirus. Patients are usually infected through blood or semen.   anisocoria Anisocoria a condition characterized by an unequal size of the eyes' pupils. Affecting up to 20% of the population, anisocoria is often entirely harmless, but can be a sign of more serious medical problems.It is defined by a diameter difference of 0.4 mm or more between the sizes of the pupils of the eyes.[Wikipedia]   chronic disease A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, Lyme disease, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and some viral diseases such as hepatitis C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. [from Wikipedia]   diabetes Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the Pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the Cells of the body not responding properly to the Insulin produced. Diabetes, if left untreated, leads to many health complications. Untreated or poorly treated diabetes accounts for approximately 1.5 million Deaths per year. There is no widely accepted cure for most cases of diabetes. The most common treatment for type 1 diabetes is insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections). Anti-diabetic medications such as metformin and semaglutide, as well as lifestyle modifications, can be used to prevent or respond to type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes normally resolves shortly after delivery.[from Wikipedia]   disability Disability is a class of DiseaseOrSyndrome that describes impairments, activity limitations or participation restriction that may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental or some combination [from Wikipedia]   dysautonomia Dysautonomia or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This may affect the functioning of the Heart, Bladder, Intestines, SweatGlands, Pupils, and BloodVessels. Dysautonomia has many causes, not all of which may be classified as neuropathic. A number of conditions can feature dysautonomia, such as ParkinsonsDisease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy and autonomic neuropathy, HIV/AIDS, autonomic failure, and postural orthostatic Tachycardia syndrome.[from Wikipedia]   Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia (FM) is a medical condition characterized by chronic widespread pain and a heightened pain response to pressure. Other symptoms include tiredness to a degree that normal activities are affected, sleep problems, and cognitive dysfunctions. Some people also report restless legs syndrome, bowel or bladder problems, numbness and tingling and sensitivity to noise, lights or temperature. Patients with fibromyalgia are more likely to suffer from depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder.[from Wikipedia]   fungal disease A disease caused by a Fungus.   infectious disease Any DiseaseOrSyndrome that is caused by a Microorganism.   life threatening disease A DiseaseOrSyndrome that has been observed to cause the death of Humans.   nonspecific disease The class of DiseaseOrSyndromes that are not caused by a single type of Microorganism.   parasitic disease A disease caused by a Parasite.   pellagra Pellagra is a disease caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B3). Symptoms include inflamed skin, diarrhea, dementia, and sores in the mouth. Areas of the skin exposed to either sunlight or friction are typically affected first. Over time affected skin may become darker, stiffen, peel, or bleed. There are two main types of pellagra, primary and secondary. Primary pellagra is due to a diet that does not contain enough niacin and tryptophan. Secondary pellagra is due to a poor ability to use the niacin within the diet. This can occur as a result of alcoholism, long-term diarrhea, carcinoid syndrome, Hartnup disease, and a number of medications such as isoniazid. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and may be assisted by urine testing. Treatment is with either niacin or nicotinamide supplementation. Improvements typically begin within a couple of days. General improvements in diet are also frequently recommended. Decreasing sun exposure via sunscreen and proper clothing is important while the skin heals. Without treatment death may occur. The disease occurs most commonly in the developing world, specifically sub-Saharan Africa.[from Wikipedia]   physical disease A DiseaseOrSyndrome other than a PsychologicalDysfunction.   psychological dysfunction A clinically significant dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies or manifestations.   tenesmus Rectal tenesmus is a feeling of incomplete defecation. It is the sensation of inability or difficulty to empty the bowel at defecation, even if the bowel contents have already been evacuated. Tenesmus indicates the feeling of a residue, and is not always correlated with the actual presence of residual fecal matter in the rectum. It is frequently painful and may be accompanied by involuntary straining and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Tenesmus has both a nociceptive and a neuropathic component.[from Wikipedia]   rickets   scurvy   sinusitis Sinusitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses (NavalCavity) resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal Mucus, a plugged Nose, and facial Pain. Other signs and symptoms may include Fever, Headaches, a poor sense of smell, sore throat, and Coughing. It is defined as acute sinusitis if it lasts less than 4 weeks, and as chronic sinusitis if it lasts for more than 12 weeks. Sinusitis can be caused by infection, allergies, air pollution, or structural problems in the nose. Most cases are caused by a viral infection. Recurrent episodes are more likely in persons with Asthma, cystic fibrosis, and poor immune function. Pain killers such as naproxen, nasal Steroids, and nasal irrigation may be used to help with symptoms. If symptoms do not improve in 7–10 days or get worse, then an antibiotic may be used or changed. In those in whom Antibiotics are used, either amoxicillin or Amoxicillin/clavulanate is recommended.[from Wikipedia]   traumatic brain injury A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the Brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/Concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury) or other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area). Head injury is a broader category that may involve damage to other structures such as the scalp and Skull. TBI can result in physical, cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral symptoms, and outcomes can range from complete recovery to permanent disability or Death.[from Wikipedia]   typhoid fever A life_threatening disease that is caused by SalmonellaTyphi. Instances a bruise Colloquially, a Bruise is an area of Skin where burst BloodVessels are visible just below the surface. A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of issue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized Bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration. The bruise then remains visible until the Blood is either absorbed by tissues or cleared by immune system action. [from Wikipedia]   a fever Having a body temperature which is (significantly) greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This syndrome is often associated with dehydration and chills.   a goiter A DiseaseOrSyndrome which is due to an Iodine deficiency and which results in an enlarged ThyroidGland.   anemia Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry Oxygen due to a lower than normal number of RedBloodCells, or a reduction in the amount of Hemoglobin. When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague, such as tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches, and a reduced ability to exercise. When anemia is acute, symptoms may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and increased thirst. Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably pale. Symptoms of anemia depend on how quickly hemoglobin decreases. Additional symptoms may occur depending on the underlying cause. Preoperative anemia can increase the risk of needing a blood transfusion following surgery. Anemia can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to severe. in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g/L; in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g/L. [from Wikipedia]   asthma Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These may occur a few times a day or a few times per week. Depending on the person, asthma symptoms may become worse at night or with exercise. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers. Diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time, and spirometry lung function testing. Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. It may also be classified as atopic or non-atopic, where atopy refers to a predisposition toward developing a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.[from Wikipedia]   bedridden Being largely confined to Bed as part of a DiseaseOrSyndrome.   beriberi   bone fracture An Attribute of having a Bone that is damaged. This includes cracks that do not completely separate a bone, as well as complete breaks into separate pieces and trauma such as an OpenFracture.   brain dead Brain death is the complete loss of Brain function, including involuntary activity necessary to sustain life. It differs from persistent vegetative state, in which the person is Living and some autonomic functions remain. It is also distinct from an ordinary coma, whether induced medically or caused by injury and/or illness, even if it is very deep, as long as some brain and bodily activity and function remain; and it is also not the same as the condition locked-in syndrome. A differential diagnosis can medically distinguish these differing conditions.[from Wikipedia]   cancer A DiseaseOrSyndrome characterized by pathologic and uncontrolled cell division that results in a Tumor.   catastrophic blood loss Loss of 50% or more of the blood volume of a Human.   Chronic fatigue syndrome Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also called myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and ME/CFS, is a complex, fatiguing, long term medical condition diagnosed by required primary symptoms and criteria, and often involves a broad range of symptoms. Distinguishing core symptoms are lengthy exacerbations or 'flares' of the illness after ordinary minor physical or mental activity, known as post-exertional malaise (PEM); greatly diminished capacity to accomplish tasks that were routine before the illness; and sleep disturbances. Orthostatic intolerance (difficulty sitting and standing upright) and cognitive dysfunction are also diagnostic. Other common symptoms may involve numerous body systems, and chronic pain is common. [from Wikipedia]   chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease that is preventable and treatable. COPD is characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The main symptoms include shortness of breath and a cough which may or may not produce mucus. COPD progressively worsens with everyday activities such as walking or dressing becoming difficult. The two most common conditions of COPD are Emphysema and ChronicBronchitis, and they have been the two classic COPD phenotypes. Emphysema is just one of the structural abnormalities that can limit airflow and can exist without airflow limitation in a significant number of people. Chronic bronchitis does not always result in airflow limitation but in young adults who smoke the risk of developing COPD is high. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis remain the predominant phenotypes of COPD but there is often overlap between them, and a number of other phenotypes have also been described. The most common cause of COPD is tobacco smoking. Other risk factors include indoor and outdoor pollution, exposure to occupational irritant substances such as dust from grains, and cadmium dust or fumes, and genetics. In developing countries, common sources of indoor air pollution are the use of coal, and biomass such as wood and dry dung as fuel for cooking and heating. Most people living in European cities are exposed to damaging levels of air pollution. The diagnosis is based on poor airflow as measured by spirometry. [from Wikipedia   diabetes Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the Pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the Cells of the body not responding properly to the Insulin produced. Diabetes, if left untreated, leads to many health complications. Untreated or poorly treated diabetes accounts for approximately 1.5 million Deaths per year. There is no widely accepted cure for most cases of diabetes. The most common treatment for type 1 diabetes is insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections). Anti-diabetic medications such as metformin and semaglutide, as well as lifestyle modifications, can be used to prevent or respond to type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes normally resolves shortly after delivery.[from Wikipedia]   diarrhea A DiseaseOrSyndrome of frequent, watery bowel movements. Severe cases can be fatal for the young or weak. It is a common cause of death for the very young in poor developing countries.   dizziness The state of feeling like one is about to fall, or would fall if standing.   eczema Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis). It results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which often thickens over time. While the condition may occur at any age, it typically starts in childhood, with changing severity over the years. In children under one year of age, much of the body may be affected. As children get older, the areas on the insides of the knees and elbows are most commonly affected. In adults, the hands and feet are most commonly affected. Scratching the affected areas worsens the symptoms, and those affected have an increased risk of skin infections. Many people with atopic dermatitis develop hay fever or asthma.[from Wikipedia]   gastroenteritis Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. the stomach and small and large intestines. The symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.   heart disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a HeartAttack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.[from Wikipedia]   high blood pressure systolicBloodPressure and diastolicBloodPressure of greater than 140/90.   hiv aids HivAids refers to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease of the human immune system that is characterized cytologically especially by reduction in the numbers of CD4-bearing helper T cells to 20 percent or less of normal rendering the subject highly vulnerable to life_threatening conditions (as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) and to some that become life_threatening (as Kaposi's sarcoma) and that is caused by infection with HIV commonly transmitted in infected blood and bodily secretions (as semen) especially during illicit intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse.   hyperferritinemia If ferritin is high, there is iron in excess or else there is an acute inflammatory reaction in which ferritin is mobilized without Iron excess. For example, ferritins may be high in infection without signaling body iron overload. [from Wikipedia]   hypersalivation Generation of too much saliva, which can result in Spitting or Drooling or Nausea from swallowing,   hyperthermia In humans, hyperthermia is defined as a temperature greater than 37.5–38.3 degC (99.5–100.9 degF), depending on the reference used, that occurs without a change in the body's temperature set point. The normal human body temperature can be as high as 37.7 degC (99.9 degF) in the late afternoon. Hyperthermia requires an elevation from the temperature that would otherwise be expected. Such elevations range from mild to extreme; body temperatures above 40 degC (104 degF) can be life threatening.[from Wikipedia]   hypothermia Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 degC (95.0 degF) in humans. Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia, there is shivering and mental confusion. In moderate hypothermia, shivering stops and confusion increases. In severe hypothermia, there may be hallucinations and paradoxical undressing, in which a person removes their clothing, as well as an increased risk of the heart stopping. The treatment of mild hypothermia involves warm drinks, warm clothing, and voluntary physical activity. In those with moderate hypothermia, heating blankets and warmed intravenous fluids are recommended. People with moderate or severe hypothermia should be moved gently. In severe hypothermia, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass may be useful. In those without a pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is indicated along with the above measures. Rewarming is typically continued until a person's temperature is greater than 32 degC (90 °F). If there is no improvement at this point or the blood potassium level is greater than 12 mmol/liter at any time, resuscitation may be discontinued. [from Wikipedia]   in a coma A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions. Coma patients exhibit a complete absence of wakefulness and are unable to consciously feel, speak or move. Comas can be derived by natural causes, or can be medically induced. [from Wikipedia]   injury Damange to an Organism that is the result of an Injuring.   insomnia A physiological or psychological inability to get enough time Sleeping for wellbeing.   low blood pressure systolicBloodPressure and diastolicBloodPressure of less than 90/60.   narcolepsy Narcolepsy is a long-term neurological disorder that involves a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Symptoms often include periods of excessive daytime sleepiness and brief involuntary sleep episodes. About 70% of those affected also experience episodes of sudden loss of muscle strength, known as cataplexy. These experiences can be brought on by strong emotions. Less commonly, there may be vivid hallucinations or an inability to move (sleep paralysis) while falling asleep or waking up. People with narcolepsy tend to sleep about the same number of hours per day as people without, but the quality of sleep tends to be lessened. [from Wikipedia]   paralysis The syndrome where some or all of an Animal's muscles cannot be moved voluntarily.   peptic ulcers The presence of Ulcers in the Stomach.   pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable. Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. Identifying the responsible pathogen can be difficult. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-rays, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired, such as community- or hospital-acquired or healthcare-associated pneumonia.[from Wikipedia]   pneumothorax A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of Air in the pleural space between the Lung and the Chest wall. Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one sided chest Pain and shortness of Breath. In a minority of cases, a one way Valve is formed by an area of damaged Tissue, and the amount of air in the space between chest wall and lungs increases; this is called a tension pneumothorax. This can cause a steadily worsening Oxygen shortage and low blood pressure. This leads to a type of shock called obstructive shock, which can be fatal unless reversed. Very rarely, both lungs may be affected by a pneumothorax. It is often called a 'collapsed lung', although that term may also refer to atelectasis.[from Wikipedia]   Post-exertional malaise Post-exertional malaise (PEM) is the worsening of symptoms following even minor physical or mental exertion, with symptoms typically worsening 12 to 48 hours after activity and lasting for days or even weeks. [from cdc.gov]   reinfection Getting an InfectiousDisease two or more times.   respiratory distress A BiologicalAttribute the indicates that an Organism has difficulty Breathing or ingesting Oxygen through Breathing.   severe blood loss Loss of 20-50% of the blood volume of a Human.   sexual dysfunction An either physical or psychological inability to engage in Mating.   shock Shock is the state of insufficient Blood flow to the Tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, fast heartRate, fast breathing, Perspiring, Anxiety, and an increase to being Thirsty. This may be followed by confusion, being Unconsciousness, or cardiac arrest, as complications worsen. Shock is divided into four main types based on the underlying cause: low volume, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive shock. Low volume shock, also known as hypovolemic shock, may be from Bleeding, Diarrhea, or Vomiting. Cardiogenic shock may be due to a heart attack or cardiac contusion. Obstructive shock may be due to cardiac tamponade or a tension Pneumothorax. Distributive shock may be due to Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, injury to the upper SpinalCord, or certain overdoses.[from Wikipedia]   sleep apnea Sleep apnea, also spelled sleep apnoea, is a sleep disorder in which pauses in Breathing or periods of shallow breathing during Sleeping occur more often than normal. Each pause can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and they happen many times a night. In the most common form, this follows loud snoring. There may be a Choking or snorting sound as breathing resumes. Because the disorder disrupts normal sleep, those affected may experience sleepiness or feel tired during the day. In children, it may cause hyperactivity or problems in school.[from Wikipedia] Show full definition (without tree view) Show full definition (with tree view)

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