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A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an Organism. It is generally ingested as food, and it is of primary interest because of its role in the biologic functioning of the Organism.
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AbrinToxin | An extremely toxic protein found in the seeds of the rosary pea. Its mechanism, symptoms, and treatment are very similar to those of RicinToxin. However, AbrinToxin is roughly 75 times more toxic than RicinToxin. |
| | Antibody | An immunoglobulin which is produced by the body and which has the ability to neutralize Antigens. |
| | Enzyme | A complex Protein that is produced by living cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. |
| | Ferritin | Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores Iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living Organisms, including archaea, bacteria, algae, higher plants, and animals. It is the primary intracellular iron-storage protein in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, keeping iron in a soluble and non-toxic form. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. [from Wikipedia] |
| | GeneRegulatoryProtein | The class of proteins that play the role of binding to DNA in order to turn genes on or off. |
| | Hemoglobin | |
| | Histone | The class of proteins that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed Chromatin. Histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues. [wikipedia] |
| | Interleukin | Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). ILs can be divided into four major groups based on distinguishing structural features. However, their amino acid sequence similarity is rather weak (typically 15–25% identity). The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4 T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and hematopoietic cells. [from Wikipedia] |
| | Lipoprotein | The class of lipoproteins. |
| | MotorProtein | The class of protein molecules whose role it is to generate movement in cells and tissues. |
| | ReceptorProtein | The class of protein molecules that play the role of signal detection and transmission to cell response machinery. |
| | RicinToxin | An extremely toxic protein found in the castor bean plant (ricinus communis). It is 200 times more toxic than cyanide, and it has no known antidote, and it causes vomiting, high fever, weakness, and death. |
| | SignalingProtein | The class of protein molecules whose role is to carry signals from cell to cell. |
| | SpecialPurposeProtein | The class of proteins whose role very specific. |
| | StorageProtein | The class of protein molecules whose role it is to store small molecules or ions. |
| | StructuralProtein | The class of proteins whose role it is to provide mechanical support to cells and tissues. |
| | TransportProtein | The class of protein molecules whose role it is to carry small molecules or ions. |
| | Troponin | Troponin, or the troponin complex, is a complex of three regulatory Proteins (troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T) that are integral to muscle contraction in skeletal Muscle and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. Measurements of cardiac-specific troponins I and T are extensively used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in the management of myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome. Blood troponin levels may be used as a diagnostic marker for stroke, although the sensitivity of this measurement is low. [from Wikipedia] |