|
Relationships
|
|
|
|
| Parents |
EnglishBasedCreoleLanguage |
An EnglishBasedCreoleLanguage is a CreoleLanguage using a grammatical and core lexical foundation of the EnglishLanguage.(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/)
|
| Instances | BislamaLanguage | The BislamaLanguage is a PacificEnglishBasedCreoleLanguage of Vanuatu. SIL code: BCY. ISO 639-1: bi. ISO 639-2: bis. Population: The majority of the population of 128,000 understands and uses it as a lingua franca. There are some first language speakers. Population total both countries: 1,200 or more. Alternate names: BICHELAMAR. Comments: Unlike Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea) and Pijin (Solomon Islands) there are some French loan words. Partially intelligible with Pijin and Tok Pisin. Widely used in commerce, government, internal dealings. National language. Dictionary. Grammar. Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Newspapers. Bible 1998. Also spoken in: New Caledonia. (Language name: BISLAMA.) Population: 1,200 in New Caledonia (1982 SIL). Alternate names: BICHELAMAR. Comments: Bible in press (1996).(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/) |
| | HawaiiCreoleEnglishLanguage | The HawaiiCreoleEnglishLanguage is a PacificEnglishBasedCreoleLanguage of the UnitedStates. SIL code: HAW. ISO 639-2: cpe. Population: 600,000 speakers or more, half of the state population (1986 M. Forman), including 100,000 to 200,000 who have limited control of Standard English and near Standard English (1986 M. Forman). Another 100,000 speakers on the USA mainland. There are many second language users. The population of Hawaii is 1,185,497 (1999 census). Region: All the Hawaiian Islands, USA mainland (especially the west coast, Las Vegas, and Orlando). Alternate names: PIDGIN, HAWAI'I PIDGIN, HCE. Comments: The basilect (heavy creole) is barely intelligible with Standard English (H. McKaughan and M. Forman 1982). Bilingualism in English, Hawaiian, Hakka, Cantonese, Japanese, Korean, Tagalog, Ilocano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Portuguese, Spanish, Samoan. 50% of children in Hawaii do not speak English as mother tongue when entering school. Most of these speak HCE as mother tongue. Used in courts by officers, jurors, plaintiffs, defendants, witnesses. Creative writing in it in some schools. A growing body of serious literature. Used in schools for many explanations, because many students do not control Standard English. There are some communication problems at university level. All ages. Vigorous use by 100,000 to 200,000. The native speech of a large number of those born or brought up in Hawaii, regardless of racial origin. There is a continuum of speech from the distinct creole to Standard English of Hawaii. Different speakers control different spans along the continuum, there are those whose only form of verbal communication is the creole. It is accepted by many as an important part of the local culture, a distinctive local language, but looked down on by others. Some official acknowledgement of it in print and public discussion. Grammar. Literacy rate in first language: 66% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 66% to 75%. Roman. Radio programs, TV. Tropical forest. Volcanic islands, coral reefs, coastal, mountain slope. Fishermen, agriculturalists, animal husbandry, white and blue collar workers, tourism, military. Sea level to 4,000 feet. Christian, Hawaiian traditional religion, Buddhist. Bible portions 1997.(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/) |
| | KriolLanguage | The KriolLanguage is a PacificEnglishBasedCreoleLanguage of Australia. SIL code: ROP. ISO 639-2: cpe. Population: 10,000 or more fluent first language speakers (1991 B. Borneman SIL), 20,000 or more including second language users (1991 SIL). Region: Roper River, Katherine areas, Ngukurr, Northern Territory, Kimberley Region, Western Australia, Gulf Country, Lower Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Alternate names: ROPER_BAMYILI CREOLE. Dialects: ROPER RIVER KRIOL (ROPER RIVER PIDGIN), BAMYILI CREOLE, BARKLY KRIOL, FITZROY VALLEY KRIOL, DALY RIVER KRIOL. Comments: Kimberley Kriol has many differences with Ngukkur Kriol. Both Kriol and Torres Strait Creole are spreading, and are nearly overlapping in Queensland. There are many first language Kriol speakers who are not fully bilingual in English or in Aboriginal languages. Preschool children may not be bilingual in another language. SVO. Savannah, scrub forest. Coastal, plains. Pastoralists, hunter_gatherers. 0 to 1,000 meters. NT 1991.(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/) |
| | NgatikMensCreoleLanguage | The NgatikMensCreoleLanguage is a PacificEnglishBasedCreoleLanguage of Micronesia. SIL code: NGM. ISO 639-2: cpe. Population: 700 including 500 on atoll (1983 Poyer), 200 on Ponape. Region: Ngatik (Sapuahfik) Atoll, east of the Caroline Islands. Alternate names: NGATIKESE MEN'S LANGUAGE, NGATIKESE. Comments: A creolized language from the Sapuahfik dialect of Ponapean and English whose genesis is the direct result of a massacre in 1837 of adult males on Ngatik by British traders. Spoken by adult males who are also native bilinguals of the Sapuahfik dialect of Ponapean. Adult male speakers. Women and children understand it. Agriculturalists: coconut, fishermen, pig raisers.(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/) |
| | PijinLanguage | The PijinLanguage is a PacificEnglishBasedCreoleLanguage of the SolomonIslands. SIL code: PIS. ISO 639-2: cpe. Population: 15,000 first language speakers, 300,000 second or third language speakers (1997 Beimers SIL). Alternate names: SOLOMONS PIDGIN, NEO_SOLOMONIC. Comments: Basic vocabulary is closer to standard English than is Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea. Grammar shows Melanesian features. Pronunciation varies according to local languages. Historically related to Tok Pisin of PNG and Bislama of Vanuatu. Intelligibility with Bislama is quite high. Creolization in progress. Language of wider communication. Dictionary. Literacy rate in first language: 60%. Literacy rate in second language: 50%. Recent efforts to standardize orthography. NT 1993.(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/) |
| | TokPisinLanguage | The TokPisinLanguage is a PacificEnglishBasedCreoleLanguage of PapuaNewGuinea. SIL code: PDG. ISO 639-2: tpi. Population: 50,000 first language, 2,000,000 second language speakers (1982 SIL). Region: Mainly in the northern half of the country. Alternate names: PISIN, PIDGIN, NEOMELANESIAN, NEW GUINEA PIDGIN ENGLISH, MELANESIAN ENGLISH. Comments: There are dialect differences between lowlands, highlands, and the islands. The highlands lexicon has more English influence (J. Holm). The native language of some people in mixed urban areas. The main means of communication between speakers of different languages. The most frequently used language in Parliament and commerce. Some second language users speak a 'broken' Pidgin. Official language. Dictionary. Grammar. Christian, traditional religion. Bible 1989.(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/) |
| | TorresStraitCreoleLanguage | The TorresStraitCreoleLanguage is a PacificEnglishBasedCreoleLanguage of Australia. SIL code: TCS. ISO 639-2: cpe. Population: 23,400 or fewer (1989 J. Holm). Others are second language users. Region: Torres Strait Islands, towns on upper Cape York and some towns on the east coast of north Queensland. Alternate names: TORRES STRAIT PIDGIN, TORRES STRAIT BROKEN, CAPE YORK CREOLE, LOCKHART CREOLE. Dialects: AP_NE_AP, MODERN LANGUS. Comments: 80% lexical similarity with English. A creolization of Tok Pisin or Bislama and Kala Lagau Langgus. Trade language.(extract from http://www.ethnologue.com/) |