orientation
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?C
InPersonCommunication
)
(
agent
?C ?A1)
(
agent
?C ?A2)
(
not
(
equal
?A1 ?A2)))
(
holdsDuring
?C
(
orientation
?A1 ?A2
Near
)))
Media.kif 224-231
If
a process
is an
instance
of
InPersonCommunication
and
an agent
is an
agent
of
the process
and
another agent
is an
agent
of
the process
and
the agent
is not
equal
to
the other agent
,
then
the agent
is
near
to
the other agent
holds
during
the process
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?CHIN
Chin
)
(
instance
?FACE
Face
)
(
part
?CHIN ?FACE))
(
forall
(?PART)
(=>
(
and
(
part
?PART ?FACE)
(
not
(
part
?PART ?CHIN)))
(
orientation
?PART ?CHIN
Below
))))
Mid-level-ontology.kif 10592-10603
If
an object
is an
instance
of
chin
and
another object
is an
instance
of
face
and
the object
is a
part
of
the other object
,
then for all
a third object
if
the third object
is a
part
of
the other object
and
the third object
is not a
part
of
the object
,
then
the third object
is
below
to
the object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?D
Dismounting
)
(
agent
?D ?A)
(
patient
?D ?O))
(
and
(
holdsDuring
(
BeginFn
(
WhenFn
?D))
(
orientation
?A ?O
On
))
(
holdsDuring
(
EndFn
(
WhenFn
?D))
(
not
(
orientation
?A ?O
On
)))))
Mid-level-ontology.kif 17813-17825
If
a process
is an
instance
of
dismounting
and
an agent
is an
agent
of
the process
and
an entity
is a
patient
of
the process
,
then
the agent
is
on
to
the entity
holds
during
the
beginning
of the
time
of existence of
the process
and
the agent
is not
on
to
the entity
holds
during
the
end
of the
time
of existence of
the process
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?DIRECTION
DirectionalAttribute
)
(
instance
?AREA
GeographicArea
)
(
instance
(
DirectionalSubregionFn
?DIRECTION ?AREA)
GeographicArea
))
(
orientation
(
DirectionalSubregionFn
?DIRECTION ?AREA)
(
GeographicCenterFn
?AREA) ?DIRECTION))
Geography.kif 500-505
If
a directional attribute
is an
instance
of
directional attribute
and
a geographic area
is an
instance
of
geographic area
and the
directional
subregion of
the directional attribute
and
the geographic area
is an
instance
of
geographic area
,
then the
directional
subregion of
the directional attribute
and
the geographic area
is
the directional attribute
to the
geographic
center of
the geographic area
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?DROP
Falling
)
(
origin
?DROP ?START)
(
destination
?DROP ?FINISH))
(
orientation
?FINISH ?START
Below
))
Merge.kif 10787-10792
If
a process
is an
instance
of
falling
and
the process
originate
s at
an object
and
the process
end
s up at
another object
,
then
the other object
is
below
to
the object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?FALL
Waterfall
)
(
instance
?CURRENT
WaterMotion
)
(
flowCurrent
?CURRENT ?FALL)
(
origin
?CURRENT ?TOP)
(
destination
?CURRENT ?BOTTOM)
(
instance
?TOP
WaterArea
)
(
instance
?BOTTOM
WaterArea
))
(
orientation
?TOP ?BOTTOM
Above
))
Geography.kif 5238-5247
If
a water area
is an
instance
of
waterfall
and
a water motion
is an
instance
of
water motion
and
the water area
is a
flow
current of
the water motion
and
the water motion
originate
s at
an object
and
the water motion
end
s up at
another object
and
the object
is an
instance
of
water area
and
the other object
is an
instance
of
water area
,
then
the object
is
above
to
the other object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?LAND
Continent
)
(
not
(
equal
?LAND
Antarctica
)))
(
orientation
Antarctica
?LAND
South
))
Geography.kif 292-296
If
an object
is an
instance
of
continent
and
the object
is not
equal
to
antarctica
,
then
antarctica
is
south
to
the object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?M
Mounting
)
(
agent
?M ?A)
(
patient
?M ?O))
(
and
(
holdsDuring
(
BeginFn
(
WhenFn
?M))
(
not
(
orientation
?A ?O
On
)))
(
holdsDuring
(
EndFn
(
WhenFn
?M))
(
orientation
?A ?O
On
))))
Mid-level-ontology.kif 628-639
If
a process
is an
instance
of
mounting
and
an agent
is an
agent
of
the process
and
an entity
is a
patient
of
the process
,
then
the agent
is not
on
to
the entity
holds
during
the
beginning
of the
time
of existence of
the process
and
the agent
is
on
to
the entity
holds
during
the
end
of the
time
of existence of
the process
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?MEET
Meeting
)
(
agent
?MEET ?AGENT1)
(
agent
?MEET ?AGENT2))
(
holdsDuring
(
WhenFn
?MEET)
(
orientation
?AGENT1 ?AGENT2
Near
)))
Merge.kif 12315-12320
If
a process
is an
instance
of
meeting
and
an agent
is an
agent
of
the process
and
another agent
is an
agent
of
the process
,
then
the agent
is
near
to
the other agent
holds
during
the
time
of existence of
the process
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?MID
MiddleCIButton
)
(
component
?MID ?DEV)
(
instance
?DEV
ComputerInputDevice
))
(
exists
(?LEFT ?RIGHT)
(
and
(
instance
?RIGHT
RightCIButton
)
(
instance
?LEFT
LeftCIButton
)
(
component
?RIGHT ?DEV)
(
component
?LEFT ?DEV)
(
between
?LEFT ?MID ?RIGHT)
(
orientation
?MID ?LEFT
Left
)
(
orientation
?MID ?RIGHT
Right
))))
ComputerInput.kif 246-259
If
a corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
MiddleCIButton
and
the corpuscular object
is a
component
of
another corpuscular object
and
the other corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
computer input device
,
then there exist
a third corpuscular object
and
a fourth corpuscular object
such that
the fourth corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
RightCIButton
and
the third corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
LeftCIButton
and
the fourth corpuscular object
is a
component
of
the other corpuscular object
and
the third corpuscular object
is a
component
of
the other corpuscular object
and
the corpuscular object
is
between
the third corpuscular object
and
the fourth corpuscular object
and
the corpuscular object
is
left
to
the third corpuscular object
and
the corpuscular object
is
right
to
the fourth corpuscular object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?P
AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute
)
(
orientation
?O1 ?O2 ?P))
(
not
(
orientation
?O2 ?O1 ?P)))
Merge.kif 15864-15868
If
a positional attribute
is an
instance
of
AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute
and
an object
is
the positional attribute
to
another object
,
then
the other object
is not
the positional attribute
to
the object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?P
SymmetricPositionalAttribute
)
(
orientation
?O1 ?O2 ?P))
(
orientation
?O2 ?O1 ?P))
Merge.kif 15853-15857
If
a positional attribute
is an
instance
of
SymmetricPositionalAttribute
and
an object
is
the positional attribute
to
another object
,
then
the other object
is
the positional attribute
to
the object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?RIGHT
PhysicalRightCIButton
)
(
component
?RIGHT ?DEV)
(
instance
?DEV
ComputerInputDevice
))
(
exists
(?LEFT)
(
and
(
instance
?LEFT
PhysicalLeftCIButton
)
(
component
?LEFT ?DEV)
(
orientation
?RIGHT ?LEFT
Left
))))
ComputerInput.kif 226-235
If
a corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
PhysicalRightCIButton
and
the corpuscular object
is a
component
of
another corpuscular object
and
the other corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
computer input device
,
then there exists
a third corpuscular object
such that
the third corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
PhysicalLeftCIButton
and
the third corpuscular object
is a
component
of
the other corpuscular object
and
the corpuscular object
is
left
to
the third corpuscular object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?X
Argument
)
(
instance
?R
Reasoning
)
(
subProposition
?X
Archeology
)
(
realization
?R ?X))
(
exists
(?D ?S ?O ?T)
(
and
(
instance
?D
Discovering
)
(
instance
?O
Object
)
(
patient
?D ?O)
(
refers
?R ?D)
(
earlier
(
WhenFn
?D)
(
WhenFn
?R))
(
age
?O ?T)
(
greaterThan
?T
(
MeasureFn
50
YearDuration
))
(
holdsDuring
(
ImmediatePastFn
(
WhenFn
?D))
(
or
(
and
(
surface
?S ?W)
(
instance
?W
BodyOfWater
)
(
orientation
?O ?S
Below
))
(
and
(
surface
?S ?L)
(
instance
?L
LandArea
)
(
orientation
?O ?S
Below
)))))))
Mid-level-ontology.kif 18891-18920
If
a proposition
is an
instance
of
argument
and
a process
is an
instance
of
reasoning
and
the proposition
is a
sub
-proposition of
Archeology
and
the process
express
es the content of
the proposition
,
then there exist
another process
,
an entity
,, ,
an object
and
a time duration
such that
the other process
is an
instance
of
discovering
and
the object
is an
instance
of
object
and
the object
is a
patient
of
the other process
and
the process
includes a
reference
to
the other process
and the
time
of existence of
the other process
happens
earlier
than the
time
of existence of
the process
and the
age
of
the object
is
the time duration
and
the time duration
is
greater
than 50
year duration
(s) and
the entity
is a
surface
of
another entity
and
the other entity
is an
instance
of
body of water
and
the object
is
below
to
the entity
or
the entity
is a
surface
of
a third entity
and
the third entity
is an
instance
of
land area
and
the object
is
below
to
the entity
holds
during
immediately
before
the
time
of existence of
the other process
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?X
Bed
)
(
component
?BEDFRAME ?X)
(
instance
?BEDFRAME
BedFrame
)
(
component
?MATTRESS ?X)
(
instance
?MATTRESS
Mattress
))
(
orientation
?MATTRESS ?BEDFRAME
On
))
Mid-level-ontology.kif 4537-4544
If
a corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
bed
and
another corpuscular object
is a
component
of
the corpuscular object
and
the other corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
bed frame
and
a third corpuscular object
is a
component
of
the corpuscular object
and
the third corpuscular object
is an
instance
of
mattress
,
then
the third corpuscular object
is
on
to
the other corpuscular object
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?X
CarAlarm
)
(
instance
?CAR
SelfPoweredRoadVehicle
)
(
part
?X ?CAR))
(
hasPurpose
?X
(=>
(
and
(
or
(
instance
?HARM
Stealing
)
(
instance
?HARM
Damaging
))
(
instance
?THIEF
Human
)
(
agent
?HARM ?THIEF)
(
patient
?HARM ?CAR)
(
equal
(
WhenFn
?HARM) ?T)
(
eventPartlyLocated
?HARM ?L))
(
exists
(?ALARM)
(
and
(
instance
?ALARM
RadiatingSound
)
(
agent
?ALARM ?X)
(
causes
?HARM ?ALARM)
(
hasPurpose
?ALARM
(
increasesLikelihood
(
exists
(?WITNESS)
(
and
(
instance
?WITNESS
Human
)
(
holdsDuring
?T
(
orientation
?WITNESS ?L
Near
))))
(
or
(
knows
?WITNESS
(
exists
(?H)
(
and
(
or
(
instance
?H
Stealing
)
(
instance
?H
Damaging
))
(
eventPartlyLocated
?H ?L)
(
holdsDuring
?T
(
patient
?H ?CAR)))))
(
finishes
(
WhenFn
?ALARM)
(
WhenFn
?HARM))))))))))
Cars.kif 3684-3724
If
an object
is an
instance
of
CarAlarm
and
another object
is an
instance
of
self powered road vehicle
and
the object
is a
part
of
the other object
,
then
the object
purpose
if
an entity
is an
instance
of
stealing
or
the entity
is an
instance
of
damaging
and
another entity
is an
instance
of
human
and
the other entity
is an
agent
of
the entity
and
the other object
is a
patient
of
the entity
and the
time
of existence of
the entity
is
equal
to
a third entity
and
the entity
is
partly
located
at
a fourth entity
,
then there exists
a fifth entity
such that
the fifth entity
is an
instance
of
radiating sound
and
the object
is an
agent
of
the fifth entity
and
the entity
cause
s
the fifth entity
and
the fifth entity
purpose there exists
a sixth entity
such that
the sixth entity
is an
instance
of
human
and
the sixth entity
is
near
to
the fourth entity
holds
during
the third entity
increase
s likelihood of
the sixth entity
know
s there exists
a seventh entity
such that
the seventh entity
is an
instance
of
stealing
or
the seventh entity
is an
instance
of
damaging
and
the seventh entity
is
partly
located
at
the fourth entity
and
the other object
is a
patient
of
the seventh entity
holds
during
the third entity
or the
time
of existence of
the fifth entity
finish
es the
time
of existence of
the entity
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?area
LandArea
)
(
groundSurfaceType
?area ?type1)
(
groundSubsurfaceType
?area ?type2))
(
exists
(?above ?below)
(
and
(
instance
?above ?type1)
(
instance
?below ?type2)
(
orientation
?above ?below
Above
))))
Geography.kif 4067-4076
If
a land area
is an
instance
of
land area
and
a kind of substance
is a
ground
surface type of
the land area
and
another kind of substance
is a
ground
subsurface type of
the land area
,
then there exist
an object
and
another object
such that
the object
is an
instance
of
a kind of substance
and
the other object
is an
instance
of
another kind of substance
and
the object
is
above
to
the other object
(=>
(
and
(
orientation
?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?ATTR1)
(
contraryAttribute
@ROW)
(
inList
?ATTR1
(
ListFn
@ROW))
(
inList
?ATTR2
(
ListFn
@ROW))
(
not
(
equal
?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)))
(
not
(
orientation
?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?ATTR2)))
Merge.kif 15725-15733
If
an object
is
a positional attribute
to
another object
and @ROW is the
opposite
of and
the positional attribute
is a
member
of (@ROW) and
another positional attribute
is a
member
of (@ROW) and
the positional attribute
is not
equal
to
the other positional attribute
,
then
the object
is not
the other positional attribute
to
the other object
(=>
(
and
(
orientation
?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?DIR)
(
instance
?DIR
PositionalAttribute
)
(
oppositeDirection
?DIR ?OPPDIR))
(
orientation
?OBJ2 ?OBJ1 ?OPPDIR))
Mid-level-ontology.kif 15883-15888
If
an object
is
a positional attribute
to
another object
and
the positional attribute
is an
instance
of
positional attribute
and
another positional attribute
is an
opposite
direction of
the positional attribute
,
then
the other object
is
the other positional attribute
to
the object
(=>
(
and
(
side
?SIDE ?OBJECT)
(
part
?PART ?OBJECT)
(
not
(
connected
?PART ?SIDE)))
(
exists
(?DIRECT)
(
orientation
?SIDE ?PART ?DIRECT)))
Merge.kif 9137-9143
If a
side
of
a self connected object
is
another self connected object
and
an object
is a
part
of
the self connected object
and
the object
is not
connected
to
the other self connected object
,
then there exists
a positional attribute
such that
the other self connected object
is
the positional attribute
to
the object
(=>
(
and
(
top
?TOP ?OBJECT)
(
part
?PART ?OBJECT)
(
not
(
connected
?PART ?TOP)))
(
orientation
?PART ?TOP
Below
))
Merge.kif 9122-9127
If the
top
of
a self connected object
is
another self connected object
and
an object
is a
part
of
the self connected object
and
the object
is not
connected
to
the other self connected object
,
then
the object
is
below
to
the other self connected object
(=>
(
attribute
?ROOM
OpenLayout
)
(
and
(
instance
?ROOM
Room
)
(
exists
(?R1 ?R2)
(
and
(
instance
?R1
Region
)
(
instance
?R2
Region
)
(
located
?R1 ?ROOM)
(
located
?R2 ?ROOM)
(
not
(
equal
?R1 ?R2))
(
orientation
?R1 ?R2
Adjacent
)
(
exists
(?P1 ?P2)
(
and
(
instance
?P1
Process
)
(
instance
?P2
Process
)
(
hasPurpose
?R1 ?P1)
(
hasPurpose
?R2 ?P2)))
(=>
(
and
(
instance
?H
Agent
)
(
located
?H ?R2))
(
and
(
capability
Seeing
agent
?H)
(
capability
Seeing
patient
?R1)))))))
Dining.kif 909-933
If
open layout
is an
attribute
of
an object
,
then
the object
is an
instance
of
room
and there exist
another object
and
a third object
such that
the other object
is an
instance
of
region
and
the third object
is an
instance
of
region
and
the other object
is
located
at
the object
and
the third object
is
located
at
the object
and
the other object
is not
equal
to
the third object
and
the other object
is
adjacent
to
the third object
and there exist
a formula
and
another formula
such that
the formula
is an
instance
of
process
and
the other formula
is an
instance
of
process
and
the other object
purpose
the formula
and
the third object
purpose
the other formula
and
if
a fourth object
is an
instance
of
agent
and
the fourth object
is
located
at
the third object
,
then
the fourth object
is
capable
of doing
seeing
as a
agent
and
the other object
is
capable
of doing
seeing
as a
patient
(=>
(
attribute
?X
AdjoiningRoom
)
(
exists
(?ROOM ?WALL ?DOOR)
(
and
(
attribute
?ROOM
AdjoiningRoom
)
(
not
(
equal
?ROOM ?X))
(
orientation
?X ?ROOM
Adjacent
)
(
instance
?WALL
Wall
)
(
part
?WALL ?ROOM)
(
part
?WALL ?X)
(
instance
?DOOR
Door
)
(
part
?DOOR ?WALL))))
Mid-level-ontology.kif 12977-12988
If
adjoining room
is an
attribute
of
an object
,
then there exist
another object
,
a third object
and
a fourth object
such that
adjoining room
is an
attribute
of
the other object
and
the other object
is not
equal
to
the object
and
the object
is
adjacent
to
the other object
and
the third object
is an
instance
of
wall
and
the third object
is a
part
of
the other object
and
the third object
is a
part
of
the object
and
the fourth object
is an
instance
of
door
and
the fourth object
is a
part
of
the third object
(=>
(
attribute
?X
DownAndInRoom
)
(
exists
(?LOC ?INDOOR)
(
and
(
instance
?INDOOR
Indoors
)
(
instance
?LOC
Region
)
(
orientation
?LOC ?X
Adjacent
)
(
orientation
?LOC ?X
Outside
)
(
located
?LOC ?INDOOR))))
Hotel.kif 1014-1022
If
down and in room
is an
attribute
of
an object
,
then there exist
another object
and
a third object
such that
the third object
is an
instance
of
indoors
and
the other object
is an
instance
of
region
and
the other object
is
adjacent
to
the object
and
the other object
is
outside
to
the object
and
the other object
is
located
at
the third object
(=>
(
attribute
?X
DownAndOutRoom
)
(
exists
(?LOC ?OUTDOOR)
(
and
(
instance
?OUTDOOR
Outdoors
)
(
instance
?LOC
Region
)
(
orientation
?LOC ?X
Adjacent
)
(
orientation
?LOC ?X
Outside
)
(
located
?LOC ?OUTDOOR))))
Hotel.kif 1029-1037
If
down and out room
is an
attribute
of
an object
,
then there exist
another object
and
a third object
such that
the third object
is an
instance
of
outdoors
and
the other object
is an
instance
of
region
and
the other object
is
adjacent
to
the object
and
the other object
is
outside
to
the object
and
the other object
is
located
at
the third object
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Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) web home
Sigma version 2.99c (>= 2017/11/20) is
open source software
produced by
Articulate Software
and its partners
