| (documentation EnglishLanguage EnglishLanguage "The EnglishLanguage is an EnglishGroupLanguage of the UnitedKingdom. SIL code: ENG. ISO 639-1: en. ISO 639-2: eng. Population: 55,000,000 first language speakers in United Kingdom (1984 estimate). Population total all countries 341,000,000 first language speakers (1999 WA), 508,000,000 including second language speakers (1999 WA). Region: Also spoken in 104 other countries including American Samoa, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Botswana, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Denmark. Dialects: COCKNEY, SCOUSE, GEORDIE, WEST COUNTRY, EAST ANGLIA, BIRMINGHAM (BRUMMY, BRUMMIE), SOUTH WALES, EDINBURGH, BELFAST, CORNWALL, CUMBERLAND, CENTRAL CUMBERLAND, DEVONSHIRE, EAST DEVONSHIRE, DORSET, DURHAM, BOLTON LANCASHIRE, NORTH LANCASHIRE, RADCLIFFE LANCASHIRE, NORTHUMBERLAND, NORFOLK, NEWCASTLE NORTHUMBERLAND, TYNESIDE NORTHUMBERLAND, LOWLAND SCOTTISH, SOMERSET, SUSSEX, WESTMORLAND, NORTH WILTSHIRE, CRAVEN YORKSHIRE, NORTH YORKSHIRE, SHEFFIELD YORKSHIRE, WEST YORKSHIRE. Comments: 60% lexical similarity with German, 27% with French, 24% with Russian. National language. Dictionary. Grammar. SVO, prepositions, genitives after noun heads, articles, adjectives, numerals before noun heads, question word initial, word order distinguishes subject, object, indirect objects, given and new information, topic and comment, active and passive, causative, comparative, consonant and vowel clusters, nontonal. Deciduous forest. Island, plains, hills. Industrial, fishermen, craftsman. Christian. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: American Samoa. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 1,248 first language speakers in American Samoa, foreign born (1970 census), 15,050 mainly second language speakers, representing 75% of the native born population. Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Anguilla. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Antigua and Barbuda. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Aruba. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Dialects: ARUBA ENGLISH. Comments: The third most important language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Australia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 15,682,000 in Australia (1987), 95% of population (1980 WA). Dialects: AUSTRALIAN STANDARD ENGLISH, ABORIGINAL ENGLISH, NEO-NYUNGAR (NOONGA, NOONGAR, NOOGAR). Comments: Minor regional dialect differences. Neo-Nyungar is the community dialect of the Nyungar people. National language. Dictionary. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Bahamas. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Barbados. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 13,000 (1995). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Belize. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Second language speakers: 55,998 in Belize (1991 census). Comments: Used in education, government, and business. National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Bermuda. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 58,800 in Bermuda (1989 estimate). Dialects: BERMUDAN ENGLISH. Comments: Colloquial English may not be a creole but a regional variety of uncreolized English. National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Botswana. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Alternate names: SEKGOA. Comments: International trade, medium of western influences, language of instruction from fifth grade, written language, official purposes, as second language. Official language. Taught as a subject from the beginning of primary school as a required subject. Officially becomes the language of instruction in Standard 5. Standard 7 exams are written in English. Medium of instruction. Newspapers, magazines, radio programs, TV. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: British Indian Ocean Territory. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: The indigenous population no longer resides in the islands. Current residents include members of the USA military, a small detachment of British officials, and support staff, mainly of Mauritian and Philippine origin. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: British Virgin Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 2,000 (1998). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Brunei. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 8,000 in Brunei. 16% of ethnic Chinese speak English as first language. Probably other first language speakers. Comments: Government, education. Used increasingly by educated speakers as first or second language. National language. Newspapers, TV. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Cameroon. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Canada. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 17,100,000 mother tongue speakers in Canada, or 60% of the population (1998 Statistics Canada). 820,000 mother tongue speakers in Quebec (1995 Statistics Canada), plus another 1,500,000 in Quebec whose first or second language is English (1995 Statistics Canada). Dialects: NEWFOUNDLAND ENGLISH. Comments: National language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Cayman Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 9,200 (1993). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Cook Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 683 in Cook Islands (1966 UN report). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Dominica. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Dialects: DOMINICAN ENGLISH. Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Eritrea. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Language of higher education and many technical fields. National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Ethiopia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 1,986 mother tongue speakers, 169,726 second language users (1998 census). Comments: Language of higher education, many technical fields, and international communication. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Falkland Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 1,991 in Falkland Islands (1993 Johnstone). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Fiji. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 4,929 Europeans in Fiji (1976 census). An additional 10,276 or 1.8% of population (1976 census) are part-European, and speak English and Fijian. Comments: Also used by many urban Chinese (4,652 in 1976), Rotuman, occasionally by Indians, rarely by Fijians (P. Geraghty 1981). Main language of commerce, education, government. There are also reports of a Fijian Pidgin English. National language. Newspapers, radio programs. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Gambia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Ghana. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Second language speakers: 1,000,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Gibraltar. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 3,300 in Gibraltar (1993 Johnstone). Dialects: YANITO. Comments: Yanito is spoken by most Gibraltarians among themselves. It is a dialect of English with a strong Spanish influence, with over 500 words coming from Genoese (Ligurian) and Hebrew. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Grenada. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Dialects: GRENADIAN ENGLISH. Comments: Post-creole English with French Creole influences (M. Alleyne). National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Guam. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 28,800 in Guam (1987). Comments: USA military and dependents. National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Guyana. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Dialects: GUYANESE ENGLISH. Comments: Spoken as first language by some Blacks and some Hindustanis. National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Honduras. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 9,000 first language speakers in Honduras. Comments: Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: India. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Second language speakers: 11,021,610 (1961 census). Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Ireland. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 2,600,000 in Ireland (1983 estimate). Dialects: SOUTH HIBERNO ENGLISH, NORTH HIBERNO ENGLISH. Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Israel. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 100,000 in Israel (1993). Alternate names: ANGLIT. Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Jamaica. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Kenya. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Mainly second language speakers. Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Kiribati. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 338 in Kiribati (1978 census). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Lebanon. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Has been used to some extent since the founding of the American University of Beirut in 1866. Many English language publications. Not spoken on the street or in Lebanese homes. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Lesotho. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Liberia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 69,000 or 2.5% of the population are Americo-Liberian (1993). Dialects: LIBERIAN STANDARD ENGLISH. Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Malawi. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 16,000 in Malawi (1993). Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Malaysia (Peninsular). (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Malta. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 2,400 speakers in Malta (1993 Johnstone). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Marshall Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Mauritius. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 3,000 in Mauritius (1993 Johnstone). Comments: Used in secondary school, courts, for road signs. Not widely known. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Micronesia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 3,540 first language speakers in Micronesia, foreign born (1970 census). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Midway Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 2,256 in Midway (1975 WA). Comments: National language. 99% USA military. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Montserrat. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Namibia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 10,941 in Namibia (1991 census). Comments: Not understood or spoken by everyone. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Nauru. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 564 first language speakers, 7,254 including second language users (1979 Government figures). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Netherlands Antilles. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Post-creole English is the dialect used (Alleyne). The third most important language in Netherlands Antilles. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: New Zealand. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 3,213,000 in New Zealand (1987), 90% of the population. Comments: National language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Nigeria. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Second language speakers: 1,000,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Comments: Used in government, education. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Niue. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Second language speakers in Niue: 2,082. Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Norfolk Island. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 1,678 in Norfolk Island (1980 Government report). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Northern Mariana Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Pakistan. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Mainly second language speakers in Pakistan. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Palau. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Papua New Guinea. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 50,000 in Papua New Guinea (1987), 1.5% of the population. Comments: Official language. Used in schools. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Philippines. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 32,802 in Philippines (1990 census). 52% of the population said they could speak it as a second language (1980 census). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Pitcairn. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Puerto Rico. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 82,000 mother tongue speakers (1995), 376,371 second language users (1970 census). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Rwanda. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Mainly second language speakers. Comments: There may be more users of English than of French. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Seychelles. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 1,601 in Seychelles (1971 census). Comments: Principal language of the schools. Official language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Sierra Leone. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Used in administration, law, education, commerce. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Singapore. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 227,000 speakers, 8.9% of population, 729,000 second language users (literate in English) in Singapore, 28.5% of population (1985 estimate). Comments: Ethnic groups which use English: Chinese 154,000, 68%, European and Eurasian 34,000, 15%, Indian 32,000, 14%, Malay 6,000, 3%. Chinese varieties and Tamil also used at home. National language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Solomon Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Somalia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Used more in the north. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: South Africa. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 3,500,000 in South Africa (1991 Christos van Rensburg), 9.1% of the population (1995 The Economist). Comments: The main means of communication in urban areas. Many second generation people from India, Portugal, Germany, and Greece speak English as first language. Official language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Sri Lanka. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 97,000 first language speakers in Sri Lanka (1962). Comments: Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: St. Helena. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: St. Kitts-Nevis. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: St. Lucia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Dialects: ST. LUCIAN ENGLISH. Comments: There is an emerging English vernacular on St. Lucia, in a certain rural area. It is significantly restructured, heavily French creole-influenced, English lexicon (Paul Garrett 1998). National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: St. Pierre and Miquelon. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 188 in St. Pierre and Miquelon (1967 census). Comments: Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: St. Vincent and the Grenadines. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Swaziland. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Taught in all government and private schools. National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Tanzania. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Second language speakers in Tanzania: 1,500,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Comments: Used by some Asian residents as mother tongue. Taught in secondary school and university. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Tokelau. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Used in schools. National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Tonga. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Trinidad and Tobago. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Turks and Caicos Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: U.S. Virgin Islands. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 8,414 mother tongue speakers in U.S. Virgin Islands (1970 census). Comments: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Uganda. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: Second language speakers: 1,000,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Comments: Used in primary schools, law courts. Official language. Newspapers, radio programs. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: USA. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 210,000,000 first language speakers in USA (1984 estimate). 8,400,000 USA residents with no one 14 years old or older who speaks fluent English, 38% or 7,700,000 households headed by immigrants. Dialects: BLACK ENGLISH. Comments: There are many regional dialects. Official language. Bible 1382-1989. Also spoken in: Vanuatu. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 1,900 in Vanuatu (1995), 1.1% of the population. Comments: First language speakers are from the United Kingdom. Also spoken in: National language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Wake Island. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 1,730 on Wake Island (1987). Comments: National language. 99% USA military. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Western Samoa. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Comments: Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Zambia. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 41,434 in Zambia (1969 census). Comments: Spoken as mother tongue by Europeans mainly. A small minority of Zambian Africans speak it as a mother tongue. Used as a second language. The only language of Parliament. Official language. Bible 1535-1989. Also spoken in: Zimbabwe. (Language name: ENGLISH.) Population: 375,490 in Zimbabwe (1969 census). Comments: Spoken by most Europeans and an increasing number of Africans. Used in all or most education. Official language. Newspapers. Bible 1535-1989.(extract from http:/ / www.ethnologue.com/ )") |
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