| appearance as argument number 1 |
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| (subrelation instrument patient) | Merge.kif 2576-2576 | instrument is a subrelation of patient |
| (instance instrument CaseRole) | Merge.kif 2577-2577 | instrument is an instance of case role |
| (instance instrument PartialValuedRelation) | Merge.kif 2578-2578 | instrument is an instance of partial valued relation |
| (domain instrument 1 Process) | Merge.kif 2579-2579 | The number 1 argument of instrument is an instance of process |
| (domain instrument 2 Object) | Merge.kif 2580-2580 | The number 2 argument of instrument is an instance of object |
| (documentation instrument EnglishLanguage "(instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an instrument in the following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair.") | Merge.kif 2582-2586 | The number 2 argument of instrument is an instance of object |
| appearance as argument number 2 |
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| antecedent |
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| (=> (and (instance ?LANG AnimalLanguage) (agent ?PROC ?AGENT) (instrument ?PROC ?LANG)) (and (instance ?AGENT Animal) (not (instance ?AGENT Human)))) |
Merge.kif 1509-1516 | If X is an instance of animal language, Y is an agent of Z, and X is an instrument for Z, then Y is an instance of animal and Y is not an instance of human |
| (=> (and (instance ?LANG ComputerLanguage) (agent ?PROC ?AGENT) (instrument ?PROC ?LANG)) (instance ?AGENT Machine)) |
Merge.kif 1528-1533 | If X is an instance of computer language, Y is an agent of Z, and X is an instrument for Z, then Y is an instance of machine |
| (=> (and (instance ?LANG HumanLanguage) (agent ?PROC ?AGENT) (instrument ?PROC ?LANG)) (instance ?AGENT Human)) |
Merge.kif 1542-1547 | If X is an instance of human language, Y is an agent of Z, and X is an instrument for Z, then Y is an instance of human |
| (=> (and (instance ?POKE Poking) (agent ?POKE ?AGENT) (patient ?POKE ?OBJ) (instrument ?POKE ?INST)) (holdsDuring (WhenFn ?POKE) (connects ?INST ?AGENT ?OBJ))) |
Merge.kif 12621-12627 | If X is an instance of poking, Y is an agent of X, Z is a patient of X, and W is an instrument for X, then W connects Y and Z holds during the time of existence of X |
| (=> (and (instance ?SI (ImpairmentFn ?S)) (instrument ?SI ?A)) (exists (?A2) (and (not (equal ?A2 ?A)) (capability ?S instrument ?A2) (not (capability ?S instrument ?A))))) |
Merge.kif 13784-13794 | If X is an instance of impairment in Y and Z is an instrument for X, then there exists W such that equal W, Z, W is capable of doing Y as a instrument, and Z is not capable of doing Y as a instrument |
| (=> (and (instance ?C Covering) (patient ?C ?P) (instrument ?C ?I)) (holdsDuring (ImmediateFutureFn (WhenFn ?C)) (covers ?I ?P))) |
Merge.kif 16234-16242 | If X is an instance of covering, Y is a patient of X, and Z is an instrument for X, then Z covers Y holds during immediately after the time of existence of X |
| (=> (and (instance ?TRANSPORT Vehicle) (instance ?MOVE Translocation) (instrument ?MOVE ?TRANSPORT) (origin ?MOVE ?FROM)) (holdsDuring (BeginFn (WhenFn ?MOVE)) (located ?TRANSPORT ?FROM))) |
Merge.kif 16337-16343 | If X is an instance of vehicle, Y is an instance of translocation, X is an instrument for Y, and Y originates at Z, then X is located at Z holds during the beginning of the time of existence of Y |
| (=> (and (instance ?TRANSPORT Vehicle) (instance ?MOVE Translocation) (instrument ?MOVE ?TRANSPORT) (destination ?MOVE ?TO)) (holdsDuring (BeginFn (WhenFn ?MOVE)) (located ?TRANSPORT ?TO))) |
Merge.kif 16345-16351 | If X is an instance of vehicle, Y is an instance of translocation, X is an instrument for Y, and Y ends up at Z, then X is located at Z holds during the beginning of the time of existence of Y |
| (=> (and (instance ?G Gun) (instance ?B GunBarrel) (part ?B ?G) (instance ?S Shooting) (instrument ?S ?G) (patient ?S ?P) (instance ?P Projectile)) (exists (?SUB) (and (subProcess ?SUB ?S) (path ?SUB ?B)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1336-1348 | If All of the following hold: (1) X is an instance of gun (2) Y is an instance of gun barrel (3) Y is a part of X (4) Z is an instance of shooting (5) X is an instrument for Z (6) W is a patient of Z (7) W is an instance of projectile, then there exists V such that V is a subprocess of Z and Y is path along which V occurs |
| (=> (and (instance ?S Shooting) (instrument ?S ?G) (instance ?G Gun)) (exists (?C ?I ?B) (and (instance ?C GunChamber) (part ?C ?G) (instance ?I Inserting) (instance ?B BulletCartridge) (destination ?I ?C) (objectTransferred ?I ?B) (before (EndFn (WhenFn ?I)) (BeginFn (WhenFn ?S)))))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1372-1387 | If X is an instance of shooting, Y is an instrument for X, and Y is an instance of gun, then All of the following hold: (1) there exist Z, W (2) V such that Z is an instance of gun chamber (3) Z is a part of Y (4) W is an instance of inserting (5) V is an instance of bullet cartridge (6) W ends up at Z (7) the object transferred in W is V (8) the end of the time of existence of W happens before the beginning of the time of existence of X |
| (=> (and (instance ?S Shooting) (instance ?G Gun) (instrument ?S ?G)) (exists (?E ?GB ?B ?C ?M) (and (subProcess ?E ?S) (instance ?E Exiting) (eventLocated ?E ?GB) (instance ?GB GunBarrel) (part ?GB ?G) (objectTransferred ?E ?B) (instance ?B Bullet) (origin ?B ?C) (instance ?C BulletCartridge) (located ?C ?GB) (path ?E ?GB) (entrance ?M ?GB) (instance ?M GunMuzzle)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1397-1416 | If X is an instance of shooting, Y is an instance of gun, and Y is an instrument for X, then All of the following hold: (1) there exist Z, W,, , V,, , U (2) T such that Z is a subprocess of X (3) Z is an instance of exiting (4) Z is located at W (5) W is an instance of gun barrel (6) W is a part of Y (7) the object transferred in Z is V (8) V is an instance of bullet (9) V originates at U (10) U is an instance of bullet cartridge (11) U is located at W (12) W is path along which Z occurs (13) T is the entrance for W (14) T is an instance of gun muzzle |
| (=> (and (instance ?DEV ElectricDevice) (instance ?EV Process) (instrument ?EV ?DEV)) (exists (?R) (and (instance ?R Electricity) (resource ?EV ?R)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 3126-3134 | If X is an instance of electric device, Y is an instance of process, and X is an instrument for Y, then there exists Z such that Z is an instance of electricity and Z is a resource for Y |
| (=> (and (instance ?D AnimalPoweredDevice) (instrument ?P ?D)) (exists (?A) (and (instance ?A Animal) (instrument ?P ?A)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 3347-3354 | If X is an instance of animal powered device and X is an instrument for Y, then there exists Z such that Z is an instance of animal and Z is an instrument for Y |
| (=> (and (instance ?M Measuring) (result ?M ?Q) (instrument ?M ?C) (instance ?C Clock)) (instance ?Q TimeMeasure)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 3494-3500 | If X is an instance of measuring, Y is a result of X, Z is an instrument for X, and Z is an instance of clock, then Y is an instance of time measure |
| (=> (and (instance ?MEASURE Measuring) (result ?MEASURE ?QUANTITY) (instrument ?MEASURE ?THERMOMETER) (instance ?THERMOMETER Thermometer)) (instance ?QUANTITY TemperatureMeasure)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 3518-3524 | If X is an instance of measuring, Y is a result of X, Z is an instrument for X, and Z is an instance of thermometer, then Y is an instance of temperature measure |
| (=> (and (instance ?M Measuring) (result ?M ?Q) (instrument ?M ?T) (instance ?T Thermometer)) (instance ?Q TemperatureMeasure)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 3530-3536 | If X is an instance of measuring, Y is a result of X, Z is an instrument for X, and Z is an instance of thermometer, then Y is an instance of temperature measure |
| (=> (and (instance ?CRAFT WaterVehicle) (instance ?EVENT Transportation) (instrument ?EVENT ?CRAFT)) (exists (?WATER) (and (instance ?WATER WaterArea) (eventLocated ?EVENT ?WATER)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 4106-4114 | If X is an instance of water vehicle, Y is an instance of transportation, and X is an instrument for Y, then there exists Z such that Z is an instance of water area and Y is located at Z |
| (=> (and (instance ?A Anchor) (instance ?ATTACH Attaching) (instrument ?ATTACH ?A) (patient ?ATTACH ?S)) (instance ?S WaterVehicle)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 4869-4875 | If X is an instance of anchor, Y is an instance of attaching, X is an instrument for Y, and Z is a patient of Y, then Z is an instance of water vehicle |
| (=> (and (instance ?S Sweeping) (instrument ?S ?B)) (instance ?B Broom)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 6658-6662 | If X is an instance of sweeping and Y is an instrument for X, then Y is an instance of broom |
| (=> (and (instance ?R RecreationOrExercise) (instrument ?R ?RM) (instance ?RM RowingMachine) (experiencer ?R ?H) (instance ?ROW Rowing) (subProcess ?RMOT ?R) (subclass ?C BodyMotion) (instance ?RMOT ?C)) (exists (?ROWMOT) (and (instance ?ROWMOT ?C) (subProcess ?ROWMOT ?R) (agent ?ROWMOT ?H)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 9535-9549 | If All of the following hold: (1) X is an instance of recreation or exercise (2) Y is an instrument for X (3) Y is an instance of ergometer (4) Z experiences X (5) W is an instance of rowing (6) V is a subprocess of X (7) U is a subclass of body motion (8) V is an instance of U, then there exists T such that T is an instance of U, T is a subprocess of X, and Z is an agent of T |
| (=> (and (instance ?M Muscle) (instance ?BM BodyMotion) (instrument ?BM ?M) (instance ?BM IntentionalProcess)) (instance ?M VoluntaryMuscle)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 11828-11834 | If X is an instance of muscle, Y is an instance of body motion, X is an instrument for Y, and Y is an instance of intentional process, then X is an instance of voluntary muscle |
| (=> (and (antagonistMuscles ?A ?B) (instance ?F Flexion) (instrument ?F ?AC) (moves ?F ?BC) (instance ?AC ?A) (instance ?BC ?B) (part ?AC ?H) (part ?BC ?H) (instance ?H Animal)) (capability Extension instrument ?BC)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 12096-12107 | If All of the following hold: (1) X and Y are antagonist muscles (2) Z is an instance of flexion (3) W is an instrument for Z (4) V moves during Z (5) W is an instance of X (6) V is an instance of Y (7) W is a part of U (8) V is a part of U (9) U is an instance of animal, then V is capable of doing extension as a instrument |
| (=> (and (antagonistMuscles ?A ?B) (instance ?E Extension) (instrument ?E ?AC) (moves ?E ?BC) (instance ?AC ?A) (instance ?BC ?B) (part ?AC ?H) (part ?BC ?H) (instance ?H Animal)) (capability Flexion instrument ?BC)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 12109-12120 | If All of the following hold: (1) X and Y are antagonist muscles (2) Z is an instance of extension (3) W is an instrument for Z (4) V moves during Z (5) W is an instance of X (6) V is an instance of Y (7) W is a part of U (8) V is a part of U (9) U is an instance of animal, then V is capable of doing flexion as a instrument |
| (=> (and (instance ?ARTERY Artery) (instance ?TRANSFER Transfer) (patient ?TRANSFER ?BLOOD) (instrument ?TRANSFER ?ARTERY) (instance ?BLOOD Blood)) (exists (?HEART) (and (instance ?HEART Heart) (origin ?TRANSFER ?HEART)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 12569-12579 | If X is an instance of artery, Y is an instance of transfer, Z is a patient of Y, X is an instrument for Y, and Z is an instance of blood, then there exists W such that W is an instance of heart and Y originates at W |
| (=> (and (instance ?V Vein) (instance ?T Transfer) (patient ?T ?B) (instrument ?T ?V) (instance ?B Blood)) (exists (?H) (and (instance ?H Heart) (destination ?T ?H)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 12586-12596 | If X is an instance of vein, Y is an instance of transfer, Z is a patient of Y, X is an instrument for Y, and Z is an instance of blood, then there exists W such that W is an instance of heart and Y ends up at W |
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| consequent |
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| (=> (instance ?C Crater) (exists (?HOST ?EVENT ?METEOR ?BOMB) (and (hole ?C ?HOST) (superficialPart ?SURF (HoleHostFn ?C)) (or (and (instance ?EVENT Impacting) (instrument ?EVENT ?METEOR) (instance ?METEOR Meteorite)) (and (instance ?EVENT Explosion) (instrument ?EVENT ?BOMB) (instance ?BOMB Bomb)) (instance ?EVENT VolcanicEruption)) (result ?EVENT ?C)))) |
Merge.kif 1059-1075 | If X is an instance of crater, then All of the following hold: (1) there exist Y, Z,, , W (2) V such that X is a hole in Y (3) U is a superficial part of the host of the hole X (4) Z is an instance of impacting (5) W is an instrument for Z (6) W is an instance of meteorite or Z is an instance of explosion (7) V is an instrument for Z (8) V is an instance of bomb or Z is an instance of volcanic eruption (9) X is a result of Z |
| (=> (uses ?OBJ ?AGENT) (exists (?PROC) (and (agent ?PROC ?AGENT) (instrument ?PROC ?OBJ)))) |
Merge.kif 4788-4793 | If X uses Y, then there exists Z such that X is an agent of Z and Y is an instrument for Z |
| (=> (instance ?POISON Poisoning) (exists (?SUBSTANCE) (and (instance ?SUBSTANCE BiologicallyActiveSubstance) (instrument ?POISON ?SUBSTANCE)))) |
Merge.kif 10717-10722 | If X is an instance of poisoning, then there exists Y such that Y is an instance of biologically active substance and Y is an instrument for X |
| (=> (instance ?CARRY Carrying) (exists (?ANIMAL) (and (instance ?ANIMAL Animal) (instrument ?CARRY ?ANIMAL)))) |
Merge.kif 11647-11652 | If X is an instance of carrying, then there exists Y such that Y is an instance of animal and Y is an instrument for X |
| (=> (instance ?TRANS Transportation) (exists (?DEVICE) (and (instance ?DEVICE TransportationDevice) (instrument ?TRANS ?DEVICE)))) |
Merge.kif 11876-11881 | If X is an instance of transportation, then there exists Y such that Y is an instance of transportation device and Y is an instrument for X |
| (=> (and (instance ?SI (ImpairmentFn ?S)) (instrument ?SI ?A)) (exists (?A2) (and (not (equal ?A2 ?A)) (capability ?S instrument ?A2) (not (capability ?S instrument ?A))))) |
Merge.kif 13784-13794 | If X is an instance of impairment in Y and Z is an instrument for X, then there exists W such that equal W, Z, W is capable of doing Y as a instrument, and Z is not capable of doing Y as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?M MakingInstrumentalMusic) (exists (?I) (and (instance ?I MusicalInstrument) (instrument ?M ?I)))) |
Merge.kif 14018-14023 | If X is an instance of instrumental music, then there exists Y such that Y is an instance of musical instrument and Y is an instrument for X |
| (=> (instance ?HORMONE Hormone) (exists (?PROCESS ?GLAND) (and (instance ?GLAND Gland) (instrument ?PROCESS ?GLAND) (result ?PROCESS ?HORMONE)))) |
Merge.kif 15157-15163 | If X is an instance of hormone, then there exist Y, Z such that Z is an instance of gland, Z is an instrument for Y, and X is a result of Y |
| (=> (instance ?DEVICE Device) (exists (?PROC) (capability ?PROC instrument ?DEVICE))) |
Merge.kif 16287-16290 | If X is an instance of device, then there exists Y such that X is capable of doing Y as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?DEVICE Device) (exists (?PROC) (hasPurpose ?DEVICE (exists (?INST) (and (instance ?INST ?PROC) (instrument ?INST ?DEVICE)))))) |
Merge.kif 16292-16299 | If X is an instance of device, then there exists Y such that X has the purpose there exists Z such that Z is an instance of Y and X is an instrument for Z |
| (=> (instance ?INSTRUMENT MusicalInstrument) (capability MakingMusic instrument ?INSTRUMENT)) |
Merge.kif 16314-16316 | If X is an instance of musical instrument, then X is capable of doing making music as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?DEVICE TransportationDevice) (capability Transportation instrument ?DEVICE)) |
Merge.kif 16323-16325 | If X is an instance of transportation device, then X is capable of doing transportation as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?DEVICE MeasuringDevice) (hasPurpose ?DEVICE (exists (?MEASURE) (and (instance ?MEASURE Measuring) (instrument ?MEASURE ?DEVICE))))) |
Merge.kif 16357-16363 | If X is an instance of measuring device, then X has the purpose there exists Y such that Y is an instance of measuring and X is an instrument for Y |
| (=> (instance ?DEVICE AttachingDevice) (exists (?ATTACH) (and (instance ?ATTACH Attaching) (instrument ?ATTACH ?DEVICE)))) |
Merge.kif 16369-16374 | If X is an instance of attaching device, then there exists Y such that Y is an instance of attaching and X is an instrument for Y |
| (=> (instance ?WEAPON Weapon) (capability Damaging instrument ?WEAPON)) |
Merge.kif 16381-16383 | If X is an instance of weapon, then X is capable of doing damaging as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?WEAPON Weapon) (hasPurpose ?WEAPON (exists (?D ?PATIENT) (and (instance ?D Damaging) (instrument ?D ?WEAPON) (patient ?D ?PATIENT))))) |
Merge.kif 16385-16392 | If X is an instance of weapon, then X has the purpose there exist Y, Z such that Y is an instance of damaging, X is an instrument for Y, and Z is a patient of Y |
| (=> (instance ?MACHINE Machine) (forall (?PROC) (=> (instrument ?PROC ?MACHINE) (exists (?RESOURCE ?RESULT) (and (resource ?PROC ?RESOURCE) (result ?PROC ?RESULT)))))) |
Merge.kif 16403-16411 | If X is an instance of machine, then For all Process Y: if X is an instrument for Y, then there exist Z, W such that Z is a resource for Y, and W is a result of Y |
| (=> (instance ?VOCAL Vocalizing) (exists (?CORD ?ORGANISM) (and (instance ?CORD VocalCords) (instrument ?VOCAL ?CORD) (part ?CORD ?ORGANISM) (instance ?ORGANISM Organism)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 778-785 | If X is an instance of vocalizing, then there exist Y, Z such that Y is an instance of vocal cords, Y is an instrument for X, Y is a part of Z, and Z is an instance of organism |
| (=> (instance ?SHELL ShotShell) (hasPurpose ?SHELL (exists (?S ?G) (and (instance ?S Shooting) (instrument ?S ?G) (instance ?G Shotgun) (patient ?S ?SHELL))))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1129-1137 | If X is an instance of shot shell, then X has the purpose there exist Y, Z such that Y is an instance of shooting, Z is an instrument for Y, Z is an instance of shot gun, and X is a patient of Y |
| (=> (instance ?L ProjectileLauncher) (capability Shooting instrument ?L)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1197-1199 | If X is an instance of projectile launcher, then X is capable of doing shooting as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?S Shooting) (exists (?P ?L) (and (instance ?P Projectile) (patient ?S ?P) (instance ?L ProjectileLauncher) (instrument ?S ?L)))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1201-1208 | If X is an instance of shooting, then there exist Y, Z such that Y is an instance of projectile, Y is a patient of X, Z is an instance of projectile launcher, and Z is an instrument for X |
| (=> (instance ?S Spear) (capability Poking instrument ?S)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1216-1218 | If X is an instance of spear, then X is capable of doing poking as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?S Spear) (capability Throwing instrument ?S)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1220-1222 | If X is an instance of spear, then X is capable of doing throwing as a instrument |
| (=> (instance ?S Spear) (hasPurpose ?S (exists (?P ?A) (and (instance ?A CognitiveAgent) (or (instance ?P Poking) (instance ?P Hunting) (instance ?P Attacking)) (instrument ?P ?S) (agent ?P ?A))))) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1235-1246 | If X is an instance of spear, then X has the purpose there exist Y, Z such that Z is an instance of cognitive agent, Y is an instance of poking, Y is an instance of hunting, or Y is an instance of Attacking, X is an instrument for Y, and Z is an agent of Y |
| (=> (instance ?GUN Gun) (capability Shooting instrument ?GUN)) |
Mid-level-ontology.kif 1266-1268 | If X is an instance of gun, then X is capable of doing shooting as a instrument |
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| (hasPurpose IBookstore (exists (?D) (and (instance ?D DownloadingOverNetwork) (instrument ?D IBookstore) (instance ?T Text) (objectTransferred ?D ?T)))) |
ComputingBrands.kif 3216-3222 | IBookstore has the purpose there exists ?D such that ?D is an instance of downloading, iBookstore is an instrument for ?D, ?T is an instance of text, and the object transferred in ?D is ?T |
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Sigma version 3.0.0-321a000c (2026-05-05) is open source software produced by Articulate Software and its partners